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</script>doi: 10.1121/1.5147250
Experiments [T. J. Allen and P. C. Beard, “High power visible light emitting diodes as pulsed excitation sources for biomedical photoacoustics,” Biomed. Opt. Express 7(4), 1260–1270 (2016)] describe the use of a visible light-emitting diode (LED) as an alternative to using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser as a photoacoustic excitation (1 mJ pulse) source for below-the-surface vascular imaging. They describe the feasibility of using a low-cost LED, overdriven by a factor of 10 in current, with short pulses ∼200 ns operating at a 0.01% duty cycle to achieve ∼10 μJ in an imaging experiment involving hemoglobin absorption (wavelength of 623 nm). A version of the experiment is demonstrated where an SST-90R LED (λ = 620 nm, 18 A maximum CW current) is driven from a home-made MOSFET pulsed driver, capable of providing pulses up to 50 A. Our demonstration of photoacoustic tomography involves a ∼1cm diam LED beam illuminating three closely-spaced vertical 1.4 mm tubes filled with blood (35% haematocrit), mounted in an open acrylic water tank. An immersion transducer (3.5 MHz, cylindrically focused PZT with 60 dB gain) detects time-averaged photoacoustic signals versus rotation angle. Then back-projection imaging can construct a two-dimensional image.
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