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Chemical sound absorption in the ocean

Authors: Frederick H. Fisher;

Chemical sound absorption in the ocean

Abstract

Two salts cause significant sound absorption in the ocean, small concentrations of magnesium sulfate ion pairs and boric acid. Below 100 kHz, MgSO4 produces sound absorption ∼30 times greater than that of pure water. For boric acid below 1 kHz, the excess absorption in the Atlantic over pure water is ∼300 times and in the Pacific ∼150 times, the difference being lower pH at the sound axis in the Pacific than in the Atlantic (7.7 vs 8), the borate concentration being the same. For MgSO4, a four state dissociation model of Eigen and Tamm provides an explanation of sound absorption at 1 ATM from 10 kHz to 300 MHz. Remarkably, at 1000 ATM, this same model accounts for the observed large decrease in sound absorption (−66%) and the small increase in electrical conductance (+10%). For boric acid, Simmons explained absorption in terms of a three state ion pair model involving a configurational change of the B(OH)4 ion from a tetrahedral to a planar trigonal structure B(OH)3 involving a large volume change of 36 cm/mole. The discovery, some history and the current status of these once ‘‘anomalous’’ absorptions will be discussed. [Work supported by ONR and NSF.]

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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