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In-situ monitoring of megasonic cleaning

Authors: Aaldert G. Zijlstra; Tom Janssens; Paul Mertens; Michel Versluis;

In-situ monitoring of megasonic cleaning

Abstract

Acoustic agitation is used in ultrasonic cleaning to induce a physical force to remove nanoparticles in semiconductor processing. The performance of cleaning tools is commonly quantified ex-situ by the particle removal efficiency η (i.e. the ratio of the remaining to the original particle concentration). The resulting η -wafer maps often reveal spatial nonuniformities related to tool design. The local study of the cleaning dynamics, quantified by the removal frequency (fR[s-1]) also indicates that the density of cleaning events over a wafer can be strongly non homogeneous. Because the sound frequencies used in industrial tools are in the MHz range, visualization of the cavitating bubbles (resonant size 3 μm) is highly challenging, both in time and in spatial resolution. Considering that the cleaning effect of a cavitating bubble is permanent a method is presented here to determine the acoustic cleaning event size (Aevent[μm2]) and the event flux (φ[μm-2s-1]) through visualization techniques. The method consists of time-resolved imaging of the removal of a nanoparticle layer deposited on a transparent substrate. The microscopic cleaning activity can then be correlated to the actual removal frequencies fR through the relation fR=φAevent to further clarify the cleaning mechanisms in industrial tools.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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