
doi: 10.1121/1.2532210
pmid: 17471721
Passive sound source localization with sensor arrays is based on the estimation of the time difference of arrival (TDOA), and precise TDOA is required to achieve accurate position estimation. For a majority of practical localization systems (based on TDOA estimation with four sensors in two dimensions), only three time delays are computed to determine the location of interest. This paper presents an approach to determine the position of a manatee by using four hydrophones and all the combinations of the TDOAs available. With four hydrophones, six TDOAs are computed and then combined three by three to get 20 possible points for each position to estimate. Experimental results using the Hilbert envelope peak technique to estimate the TDOAs and the least square method to estimate the position are presented. For the tests conducted it is shown that for a manatee call having a high signal-to-noise ratio, the individual position estimated for each of the 20 combinations of TDOAs lies on a straight line, providing a good estimation of the direction of arrival approximately 85% of the time. However, a good estimation of the position is obtained for a manatee near the hydrophone array approximately 55% of the time.
Animals, Trichechus, Sound Localization, Models, Theoretical, Vocalization, Animal
Animals, Trichechus, Sound Localization, Models, Theoretical, Vocalization, Animal
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 20 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Average | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Top 10% | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Average |
