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Long-Range Shallow-Water Transmission Measurements

Authors: K. V. Mackenzie;

Long-Range Shallow-Water Transmission Measurements

Abstract

Recent measurements were made in 25-f (fathom) water with 15-min CW tones of 350-, 700-, and 1300-cps sound transmitted from an anchored ship. The sound was received on an anchored vertical string of 14 hydrophones spaced 10 ft apart. The measurements were made to a range of 80 kyd over selected paths for which the thickness of the subbottom had been previously surveyed acoustically. The mean signal level at each hydrophone can be determined with an estimated accuracy of 1 dB. These mean levels define the CW sound field accurately for the first time. They exhibit a definite significant dependence on hydrophone depth as could be expected from the normal-mode theory. The signal-level fluctuations and frequency spreading agreed with earlier measurements [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 34, 67 (1962)]. The sound levels averaged from the surface to the bottom agree with the ray theory [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 33, 1505 (1961)].

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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