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Statistics of distant shipping noise

Authors: Ira Dyer;

Statistics of distant shipping noise

Abstract

Distant shipping noise is modeled analytically as phase-random line components arriving from a number of independent sources. Three cases are distinguished as (a) all noise arrivals having the same intensity, (b) all having different intensity, and (c) mixtures of (a) and (b). The statistical distributions of the received noise, measured in decibels, are shown to be skewed and to be similar for all three cases, provided the number of ships is the same. Computation of the standard deviation for a location near Bermuda, based on available traffic data and for a 13-oct band analysis of an omnidirectional receiver, compares well with measurements by Perrone. Bandwidth and beamwidth are included implicitly in the analytical model via the number of line components, and are related through the mean frequency spacing between lines to the number of ships and their geographic locations.

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Powered by OpenAIRE graph
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
26
Average
Top 10%
Average
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