
doi: 10.1121/1.1913359
Distant shipping noise is modeled analytically as phase-random line components arriving from a number of independent sources. Three cases are distinguished as (a) all noise arrivals having the same intensity, (b) all having different intensity, and (c) mixtures of (a) and (b). The statistical distributions of the received noise, measured in decibels, are shown to be skewed and to be similar for all three cases, provided the number of ships is the same. Computation of the standard deviation for a location near Bermuda, based on available traffic data and for a 13-oct band analysis of an omnidirectional receiver, compares well with measurements by Perrone. Bandwidth and beamwidth are included implicitly in the analytical model via the number of line components, and are related through the mean frequency spacing between lines to the number of ships and their geographic locations.
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