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The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Article . 1931 . Peer-reviewed
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Open Pipes, Stopped Pipes and Double Stopped Pipes

Authors: John Bellamy Taylor;

Open Pipes, Stopped Pipes and Double Stopped Pipes

Abstract

Air columns in rigid tubes reflect pulses (sound waves) at the ends. The classical sounding or vibrating air column is the organ pipe, broadly classed as either “open” or “stopped” and giving tones of different quality because lack of symmetry in stopped organ pipes suppresses the evenly numbered harmonic overtones. Pipes of both classes are usually considered to be so rigid that all of the “output” to free air occurs at two ends of open pipe or at single opening (mouth) of the stopped pipes. This rigidity assumption may not be justified. If a pipe is stopped at both ends, symmetry is restored with opportunity for vibrations in the complete harmonic series. But with no free vent to outer air the double stopped pipes obviously may not be energized by the usual form of air stream; also confined vibrations will not be heard outside. These seemingly unworkable conditions are met by supplying energy and also withdrawing sound output at nodal points, rather than at loops (ventral segments). Such abstraction of energy at node of vibrating air column is useful in cases where the tone or vibration is to be transferred to a denser medium, e.g., to a liquid or to a solid such as a sounding board.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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