Purpose: Hundreds of patients have received gynecological brachytherapy treatments in the US using applicator tube‐type (AT) low dose rate (LDR) 252Cf sources. However, its mixed‐field radiation dose distributions have not been characterized using the AAPM Task Group 43 dosimetry formalism, nor quantitatively compared to conventional photon‐emitting sources. Towards clinical implementation of LDR 252Cf brachytherapy for gynecological applications, the mixed‐field dosimetry for this source type has been modeled using Monte Carlo methods and compared to dose distributions produced by LDR 137Cs brachytherapy sources. Method and Materials: Mixed‐field dose distributions in the vicinity of an AT LDR 252Cf brachytherapy source were calculated using MCNP5 in a 50 cm diameter spherical phantom composed of water, soft tissue, and muscle. ENDF 252Cf neutron energy spectrum was used. Published 252Cf photon energy spectra were employed and compared. The MCNP F4 and F6 calculation tallies were utilized for determining various dosimetric components. These include the source photon, neutron capture photon, fast neutron, and thermal neutron dose components. The LDR 137Cs source used for comparison was the 3M Model 6500. Results: Brachytherapy dosimetry parameters for LDR 252Cf neutrons were in agreement with previously published values. TG‐43 dosimetry parameters for 252Cf photons exhibited a maximum g(r) value at 10 cm due to induction of capture photons in the phantom and a general decrease in anisotropy with increasing radial distance. 252Cf photon spectra including estimates of delayed photons exhibited −2% difference in g(r) and 5% relative variation in anisotropy at θ = 0°. Dose distributions generated from dosimetry parameters for LDR AT 252Cf were similar to those produced by conventional 137 Cs sources using the Pinnacle 3 Planning System. Conclusion: Using appropriate radiobiological weighting for 252Cf neutrons, treatment planning for AT LDR 252Cf sources may be performed and compared to conventional 137Cs dosimetry for gynecological applications.