Damage identification and fatigue crack inspection during the test is a key foundation for full-scale aircraft fatigue test. It is very important to determine the fatigue life and maintenance period of the aircraft structure. The paper presents a brief introduction about a practical engineering method on real-time non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of aircraft structures for full-scale fatigue test. The content covers damage identifying and fatigue crack monitoring, which is based on the acquisition data acquired simultaneity during the test. The approach of damage identifying and crack growth monitoring is proven to be suitable and practical for full scale fatigue test.