The facilities of the method of analysis of the vector beam intensity profile at the atmospheric path output are presented. This method is based on the second rank tensors for the discrete differences of the first and second orders intensity distributions. The synthesized distributions of the field values allow to describe the topology of the phase modulation, the contours of intensity variations alterations, to define the area of localization of the beam energy and to estimate the state of polarization. The discrete differential analysis of the time series structure for the intensity distributions is of information value for the meteorological control of wind and termic conditions of the path, sensing of the refraction inhomogeneities types as well as for the analysis of the media spatio-temporal optical activity.