Abstract In 2015, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly established seventeen different sustainable development goals (SDGs) that outlined principles and objectives which tackled challenges of diverse nature around the world and achieve the set-out targets by 2030. On the other hand, 3D printing has been attributed as a game changer for the manufacturing sector. It is due to the disruptive nature of this technology where conventional design to manufacture principles are not strictly applied. It has been observed that inherent nature of 3D printing can positively contribute towards achieving these global challenges. The 3D printing contributes towards achieving multiple goals from the SDGs in many interactions. This article examines the role of 3D printing technology in contributing to Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG 12) — responsible consumption and production. Through a comprehensive literature review and empirical analysis, the study explores various aspects of 3D printing’s impact on sustainability, including resource efficiency, waste reduction, circular economy practices, localized production, customization, longevity, and energy efficiency. Key findings suggest that 3D printing offers significant potential for improving sustainability across industries such as construction, packaging, supply chain management, healthcare, and manufacturing. The synthesis of findings reveals a high impact relationship between 3D printing and SDG 12, with measurable effects on efficiency improvements, waste reduction, and environmental conservation. Challenges and considerations for future research are also discussed, highlighting the need for long-term environmental impact assessments, integration of social sustainability factors, regulatory frameworks, technological advancements, and economic accessibility. By addressing these research areas, the article highlights the potential of 3D printing to contribute to sustainable development goals and foster a more stable future.