1. Acetylcholine (ACh), and a number of cholinomimetic and cholinolytic agents, have been applied to single neurones of the caudate nucleus, and the effects compared with those produced by stimulation of nucleus ventralis anterior thalami (VA).2. Neurones responding by excitation following ACh and VA stimulation, and others depressed by both ACh and VA stimulation have been observed. The two types of cell are located in different regions of the nucleus.3. Both types of ACh effect, and the responses to VA stimulation, are prevented by atropine.4. Taken with the earlier observation that the release of ACh from the caudate can be enhanced by VA stimulation, it has been suggested that the present results indicate a final cholinergic link in the pathway from VA to caudate.