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Vox Sanguinis
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
Data sources: Crossref
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PubMed Central
Article . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: PubMed Central
Vox Sanguinis
Article . 2026
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Autoantibodies in COVID ‐19 convalescent plasma donors

Authors: Katerina Jazbec Gradišar; Klemen Žiberna; Polonca Mali; Ivica Marić; Primož Rožman; Elvira Maličev;

Autoantibodies in COVID ‐19 convalescent plasma donors

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Although COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) has been successfully used to treat several viral infections, its effectiveness in neutralizing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and its broader immunological safety remain debated. Since viral infections can trigger autoimmunity, particularly through molecular mimicry and immune dysregulation, there is growing interest in understanding whether CCP contains autoantibodies that could affect recipient safety. Materials and Methods In this study, we evaluated the presence of 20 different autoantibodies, along with anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies, in plasma samples from CCP donors. Samples were collected at three time intervals following COVID‐19 symptom onset: 0–60, 60–120 and 120–180 days. Results were compared with those from healthy control plasma donors. Results Several autoantibodies— anti‐Smith (anti‐SM), anti‐Sjögren syndrome antigen A, 60‐kDa isoform (anti‐SSA/Ro60), anti‐proliferating cell nuclear antigen (anti‐PCNA), anti‐Ribosomal P and anti‐ribonucleoprotein/Smith antigen complex (anti‐RNP/SM)—showed modestly elevated levels in CCP samples collected within 0–60 days post symptom onset. In the 60–120‐day period, autoantibody levels declined and approached levels observed in the control group. In the 120–180‐day period, most autoantibody levels remained comparable to control levels. Our analysis showed no significant correlations between levels of neutralizing SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies and autoantibody concentrations nor significant differences in autoantibody profiles between donors with high and low neutralizing antibody (NAb) titres. Conclusion Our findings suggest that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection may transiently elevate certain autoantibodies in CCP donors. However, most autoantibody levels decline over time and the overall profiles do not indicate sustained autoreactivity. These results support the immunological safety of CCP, particularly when collected between 60 and 120 days post infection, and highlight the importance of timing in optimizing both efficacy and safety in plasma donation strategies.

Country
Slovenia
Keywords

Male, Adult, autoantibodies, SARS-CoV-2, COVID‐19 convalescent plasma, Immunization, Passive, COVID-19, Blood Donors, anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies, plazma okrevalca po COVID-19, transfuzija, Middle Aged, avtoprotitelesa, Antibodies, Viral, protitelesa proti SARS-CoV-2, Humans, Original Article, Female, info:eu-repo/classification/udc/616.1, COVID-19 Serotherapy, transfusion, Autoantibodies, Aged

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
hybrid