Addiction is a disease of behavior. Substances with abuse liability not only engage powerful midbrain reward pathways but “hijack” frontal lobe motivational and decision-making systems, such that essentially all intentional behaviors increasingly center on obtaining and using the drug [1]. As reflected in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition criteria for substance abuse disorders [2], the ability to engage in functional behaviors is severely limited, with the inability to control substance use being diagnostic of the disorder. Thus, to treat the disease of addiction, interventions aimed at increasing behavioral control over use are among the most effective [3]. Early in remission, or …