AbstractAnthropogenic fires are an increasing threat to tropical savannas and their plant populations. In the Brazilian Cerrado, human‐made fires at the end of the dry season are replacing natural fires at the beginning of the dry season. Critically, these late burns occur under more intense climate variables. Here, we aimed to understand the potential role of fire seasonality on individuals ofAnacardium humile, a widespread Cerrado species of cultural and economic importance.We conducted two prescribed burnings, one at the beginning of the dry season (early burning) and one at the end of the dry season (late burning) when climate variables were remarkably different. We assessed the reproductive responses ofA. humileindividuals over 4 years and compared individuals from the fire treatments with those from an unburned area (control).The reproductive phenology ofA. humilevaried over time and was influenced by climate variables. The seasons of different burning had similar impacts on the reproductive phenology ofA. humile, and this impact lasted for at least 4 years. WhileA. humilepopulations do not depend on fire for reproduction, they produced more flowers and fruits for up to 2 years with the fire treatments.We provide empirical evidence of the role of climate variables on the phenology ofA. humileand demonstrate the importance of considering the role of time after fire events. The similar responses ofA. humileto fire seasonality show that Cerrado fire management can be more complex than previously thought.