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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Photochemistry and P...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Photochemistry and Photobiology
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
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Photoswitching, aggregation, and negative photochromism in ionic arylazoisoxazolium photoswitches

Authors: Gayathri Parthiban; Himanshu Kumar; Anees Rahman Parambattummal; Sugumar Venkataramani;

Photoswitching, aggregation, and negative photochromism in ionic arylazoisoxazolium photoswitches

Abstract

Abstract The direct introduction of ionic character in azoheteroarenes led to the generation of azopyridinium, azoimidazolium, and azopyrazolium photoswitches, which have previously garnered intriguing application prospects due to their varied Z‐E thermal relaxation properties. We leveraged this foundation to design and synthesize three azoisoxazolium‐based ionic photoswitches, aiming to expand their application scope and tailor their properties. The investigations on their photoswitching characteristics in different solvents, including water, revealed a solvent‐dependent aggregation that competes with isomerization, although their thermal relaxations slow down the aggregation. Also, spectroscopic and dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies showed that the azoisoxazolium ionic photoswitches can exhibit negative photochromism, light‐induced disaggregation at low concentrations in one of the derivatives, and significantly fluorescence emission in water. In addition, microscopic studies using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), polarized optical microscope (POM), and confocal microscope revealed the size and structural morphology and mesophase changes of the aggregates. Overall, our comprehensive investigation has positioned azoisoxazolium salts as a new class of ionic photoswitches characterized by several intriguing properties and a pronounced tendency to aggregate.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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