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Photochemistry and Photobiology
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY NC
Data sources: Crossref
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PubMed Central
Article . 2025
License: CC BY NC
Data sources: PubMed Central
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Cutaneous photosensitivity of phototheranostic porphyrin–lipid nanoparticles

Authors: Michael S. Valic; Mark Zheng; Theo Husby; Keegan Guidolin; Axel Sahovaler; Sharon Tzelnick; Wenlei Jiang; +14 Authors

Cutaneous photosensitivity of phototheranostic porphyrin–lipid nanoparticles

Abstract

Abstract Skin photosensitization is a common challenge following intravenous administration of many photodynamic therapy (PDT) drugs, typically lasting days, weeks, or months in laboratory animals and patients. Symptoms of photosensitivity manifest as erythema and edema on skin exposed to sunlight or bright artificial lighting. Recent efforts using nanocarriers to increase photosensitizer accumulation in tumors have also been shown to reduce skin photosensitivity. We previously developed phototheranostic PORPHYSOME (PS) nanoparticles self‐assembled from porphyrin–lipid conjugates and capable of potent anti‐tumor PDT. Here, we demonstrate in a nonpigmented rat skin model that PS exhibit less severe and shorter‐lasting skin photosensitivity compared with an equivalent drug dose of porfimer sodium (PHO), the canonical first‐generation PDT drug. At 2, 4, 8, and 12 days post intravenous injection, depilated skin was exposed to escalating doses of simulated solar light. Light exposure 4 days post‐injection showed markedly reduced symptoms of skin photosensitivity with PS than PHO. By Day 8, the minimal dose of light eliciting any kind of skin reaction was significantly higher with PS than PHO, and by Day 12, there was no detectable skin response with PS. These differences were attributed to altered intradermal distribution and faster clearance of PS vs. PHO in rat skin.

Keywords

Male, Porphyrins, Photosensitizing Agents, Photochemotherapy, Light, Animals, Nanoparticles, Photosensitivity Disorders, Lipids, Research Article, Rats, Skin

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Top 10%
Average
Average
Green
hybrid
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