Vernal keratoconjunctivitis has been considered a multifac- torial condition resulting from complex interactions among genetic, immunologic, and environmental factors. The research of genetic characteristics and the identification of a specific HLA haplotype as a possible predictor of disease may contribute to elucidate the pathogenesis of the disease and to point out the VKC as a complex immunologic disorder rather than as a mere allergic disease. The identification of a specific haplotype associated with VKC might be helpful to identify children predisposed to develop this ocular disease and patients with a specific outcome.