ObjectiveTo investigate the outcomes of humeral head replacement in the treatment of patients with comminuted proximal humeral fracture.MethodsBetween February 2013 and September 2016, 56 patients underwent humeral head replacement in our hospital. Of them, 18 cases were diagnosed as comminuted proximal humeral fracture before the operation. The mean age of the patients was 69.5 years old (ranging from 61 to 79 years old). Of them, there were six males and 12 females. All the patients in this group had fresh fractures. They were all treated by artificial humeral head replacements. After the prosthesis was fixed by bone cement reliably, the greater or lesser trochanter and prosthesis handle were sutured and fixed firmly. The interval time from injury to operation ranged from 1 to 5 days. The Constant Functional Score, operation time, blood loss, nerve injury, joint dislocation rate, and infection rate were recorded at the final follow‐up. The clinical data of these patients were retrospectively studied. All of the data were recorded in average form.ResultsIn this study, the mean duration of follow‐up was 4 years, ranging from 3 to 6 years. The operation time ranged from 75 to 120 min, with the average of 82 min. The blood loss ranged from 100 to 400 mL, with the average of 210 mL. The mean score of Constant Functional Score was 83.5 ± 3.1. Of them, 14 cases achieved excellent and good (scores of more than 80), and four cases achieved moderate and poor (scores of less than 80). No patient suffered from joint dislocation, unstable joint, or infection after the operation. There were two patients with axillary nerve injury before the operation. However, the function could be recovered within 3–6 weeks after the surgery.ConclusionThe artificial humeral head replacement could be applied for the treatment of patients with comminuted proximal humeral fracture. During the surgery process, the stable structure of shoulder joint could be completely restructured, and the rehabilitation plan should be adjusted reasonably and timely after the operation.