AbstractBackgroundPast research suggests that patient‐provider relationships play a crucial role in patient satisfaction with their medical care. However, the essential relationship elements responsible for this effect have not been elucidated and were examined in this study.MethodsPatients in six gastroenterology clinics at a major medical center completed an anonymous, secure Internet survey about their medical care after a clinic visit. The survey included the validated Satisfaction With Care Scale‐37 (SAT‐37) and Patient‐Physician Relationship Scale (PPRS). Correlations between those scales were calculated, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by regression analysis was used to create a PPRS Short Form (PPRS‐SF) specifically to account for satisfaction with care.Key results173 patients (114 females and 59 males; mean age 49.2 years) completed the survey. A range of specific patient‐doctor relationship aspects on the PPRS substantially influenced the patients' satisfaction scores. These are grouped into five EFA‐derived patient perception factors about their physicians: Competence, Connection, Professionalism, Considerateness, and Willingness/ability to make needed outside referrals. A brief 12‐item PPRS‐SF questionnaire was constructed that explained 63% of the variance in patients' satisfaction with their care. In contrast, the patients' clinical and demographic characteristics had little explanatory value regarding their satisfaction.Conclusions & InferencesOur findings strongly support the notion that the patient‐physician relationship's quality is the principal driver of gastroenterology patients' satisfaction with their care. The new PPRS‐SF is a convenient tool for clinicians and healthcare systems to assess the essential relationship factors that ensure satisfied patients.