AbstractBackgroundThe objective of the present study was to study the anatomy of the respiratory system of Sapajus libidinosus.MethodsTen corpses of adult animals were used. To analyze the bronchial tree, transparent acetic silicone was injected and then dissected.ResultsThe trachea presented a mean of 32 rings. These spaces were delimited for tracheostomy and tracheotomy between the 1st and 3rd ring or between the 9th and 11th ring, and for thoracocentesis at the 7th or 8th intercostal space. For tracheostomy and tracheotomy, the best access point was in the ventral region of the neck and transverse incision of the rings. For thoracocentesis, cranioventral insertion of the catheter is recommended in the 8th intercostal space.ConclusionsThe trachea and lung anatomy applied to clinical and surgical procedures the robust capuchin monkey is similar to both wild and domestic carnivores.