ABSTRACT Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the surface roughness and wear effect of three different ceramic materials. Materials and Methods Thirty ceramic discs (10/group) were fabricated: Lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent, Switzerland); Zirconia (Zolid Gen‐X, Amanngirrbach, Austria); Zirconia reinforced lithium disilicate (Vita Suprinity, Vita Zahnfabrik, Germany). Ceramic specimens underwent surface roughness measurements, thermocycling (10,000 cycles), then used to abrade opposing materials for 250,000 cycles. Opposing material wear was quantified using a scanner and software for wear effect measurements. Statistical analyses included Kruskal‐Wallis, Dunn, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks, and Spearman's correlation tests ( α = 0.050). Results Median values (for all surface roughness parameters and wear effect) showed significant differences between the study groups ( p < 0.050). All study groups showed a significant increase in the median surface roughness values after wear ( p < 0.050). No significant correlation was found between surface roughness and wear effect ( p > 0.050). Conclusions There was a statistically significant difference in the median surface roughness (before and after wear) and wear effect between the study groups. No significant correlation was found between ceramic surface roughness and their wear effect.