ABSTRACTRationaleDiagnostic reasoning in surgical pathology is critical for accurate disease identification, particularly for rare conditions. Despite advancements in methodologies, the diagnostic lag remains significant, highlighting the need for improved reasoning skills.Aims and ObjectivesThis study examines the role of abductive reasoning in diagnostic processes within surgical pathology. A theoretical framework that integrates abduction with deduction and induction to increase diagnostic accuracy and expedite therapeutic interventions is proposed.MethodsThis paper employs a qualitative analysis of the diagnostic reasoning process, emphasizing the interconnectedness of abduction, deduction and induction. It draws on historical philosophical perspectives, particularly those of Charles S. Peirce, to explore how these reasoning types contribute to effective clinical decision‐making.ResultsThe findings underscore the importance of abductive reasoning in generating testable hypotheses, even when initial conclusions may be incorrect. The study reveals that while induction and deduction provide structure, abduction fosters creativity and broadens the scope of possible diagnoses, particularly in cases of uncertainty.ConclusionThe integration of abductive reasoning into surgical pathology practices is essential for improving diagnostic outcomes. By emphasizing the generative potential of abduction, this framework aims to reduce diagnostic delays and enhance clinical decision‐making, ultimately benefiting patient care. The study advocates the incorporation of this reasoning approach into medical profession to better equip healthcare professionals in navigating complex diagnostic scenarios.