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Journal of Applied Microbiology
Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
License: OUP Standard Publication Reuse
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Anu taila, an herbal nasal drop, suppresses mucormycosis by regulating host TNF-α response and fungal ergosterol biosynthesis

Authors: Acharya Balkrishna; Shubhangi Rastogi; Bhawana Kharayat; Meenu Tomer; Yash Varshney; Kanchan Singh; Priya Kumari; +4 Authors

Anu taila, an herbal nasal drop, suppresses mucormycosis by regulating host TNF-α response and fungal ergosterol biosynthesis

Abstract

Abstract Aim The intractable, mucormycosis, caused by Mucorales primarily targets immunocompromised individuals. The first-line therapy, intravenous liposomal amphotericin B and surgical debridement of necrotic tissue, is contraindicative in individuals with compromised kidneys. This invokes a pressing need to identify safer treatment options. Methods and Results The antifungal effect of the classical nasal drop, Anu taila, against Mucor spp. was investigated through microbiological, cytological, analytical chemical (HPLC and GS–MS/MS) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) approaches. Anu taila-pretreated spores germinated late, resulting in reduced infectivity, observed as milder monocytic immune response. Conversely, Anu taila-pretreated human THP-1 cells exhibited an improved immune response against Mucor spores, through TNF-α. Repeated Anu taila application rapidly abolished fungal microarchitectures than amphotericin B, evident from swift replacement of hyphae, sporangiophores and sporangia with fused biomass, in the SEM images. HPLC analysis showed that Anu taila treatment significantly reduced overall ergosterol content in Mucor biomass. Anu taila also downregulated sterol-C5-desaturase-coding ERG3 gene, crucial for ergosterol biosynthesis and resultant structural integrity, in Mucor spp. Conclusion Taken together, Anu taila was found effective against Mucor spp., with both prophylactic and curative implications, which is attributable to the phytochemical composition of this classical nasal drop. Significance and Impact Statement The potential remedial effects of a classical nasal drop against an obdurate and challenging fungal infection are identified.

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Keywords

Antifungal Agents, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Ergosterol, Immunity, Humans, Mucormycosis

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    influence
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
9
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
hybrid