AbstractToday, pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for ocular inflammatory diseases represents a powerful tool for those cases non responding to medical treatment. PPV has been increasingly performed for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in the management of patients with uveitis. PPV offers a surgical option in clearing vitreous opacities and repairing inflammatory related complications, such as epiretinal membrane, retinal detachment, vitreous haemorrhage, cyclitic membrane removal for non‐responsive hypotony. The evolution of both technology and surgical techniques for PPV has been very important in order to develop a step forward in approaching and treating ocular inflammatory diseases.