During the early twentieth century the Progressives grappled with issues that continue to confront Americans today. The Supreme Court was central to the Progressive Era's response to big business, race relations, and environmental conservation; and the interplay between Progressivism and the Court shaped the nation's experience with these issues throughout the entire century.' In The Judiciary and Responsible Government, 1910-1921, Alexander M. Bickel and Benno C. Schmidt make an invaluable contribution to the study of the Supreme Court during the Progressive Era. In addition to a useful synthesis of wide-ranging primary and secondary sources, the authors raise important interpretive questions concerning the role of the Court within the Progressive Movement. Above all Bickel and Schmidt consider the extent to which the Court during a crucial period resisted or facilitated the development of socially-responsive government.2 Views of the Court's relationship to Progressivism have paralleled the varied interpretations of Progressivism itself. Most current scholarship rejects the textbook image of Progressives as crusading reformers. This work places the Progressive Movement within the broader organizational response to industrialization and managerial capitalism emerging during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. There is considerable disagreement, however, about whether the organizational transformation repre-