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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Developmental Medici...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology
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Tests for Phenylketonuria

Authors: Woolf Li;

Tests for Phenylketonuria

Abstract

SUMMARYPhenylketonuria causes grave intellectual and neurological deterioration unless treated with a diet low in phenylalanine. To be fully effective this treatment must be started within a few weeks of birth, before any clinical signs appear. The urine of all babies should be tested for phenylpyruvic acid so that, in affected infants, treatment can be started early enough. The test is very simple, and can be carried out by a health visitor, midwife or nurse, using a wet napkin. Positive cases should have the diagnosis confirmed by a laboratory with the least possible delay before starting treatment. It is best to test twice, at two weeks and at six weeks of age. If only one test is possible, three to four weeks is the best compromise.In addition to the newborn, all mentally retarded, psychologically disturbed, or epileptic children should have their urine tested for phenylpyruvic acid. The information obtained is necessary for genetic counselling, and older phenylketonuric children are often improved, to some extent, by a low phenylalanine diet.RÉSUMÉRecherche de la phénylcétonurieLa phénylcétonurie entraîne de graves lésions de l'intellect et du système nerveux si l'on ne present pas un régime pauvre en phénylalanine. Ce traitement ne saurait être totalement efficace que s'il est entrepris dans les premières semaines qui suivent la naissance, avant l'apparition de tout signe clinique. On devrait rechercher l'acide phényl‐pyruvique dans l'urine de tous les nourrissons afin que ceux qui sont atteints puissent être traités à temps. L'analyse est très simple et peut être faite par une assistante visiteuse, une sage femme ou une infirmière à l'aide d'une couche trempée. Avant de commencer le traitement, les cas positifs devraient être confirmés, dans les plus brefs délais, par un laboratoire. Il est préférable de faire deux analyses, aux âges de 2 et 6 semaines. Si l'on ne peut faire qu'une seule analyse, le meilleur parti à prendre est de la faire à 3 ou 4 semaines.Outre le nouveau‐né, on devrait faire analyser les urines de tous les enfants débiles mentaux, atteints de troubles psychologiques ou épileptiques. Les résultats servent aux consultations d'ordre genetique et un régime pauvre en phénylalanine amène souvent, dans une certaine mesure, une amélioration chez les enfants phénylcétonuriques.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGProben für PhenylketonuriePhenylketonurie ruft schwere intellektuelle und neurologische Störungen hervor, wenn sie nicht durch phenylalaninarme Diät behandelt wird. Um einen völligen Erfolg zu erziehlen, muss diese Behandlung in den ersten Wochen nach der Geburt anfangen, bevor irgendein klinisches Zeichen erscheint. Der Harn aller Säuglinge müsste auf Brenztraub‐säuregeprüft werden, so dass man bei befallenen Kindern, die Behandlung zu rechter Zeit anfangen kann. Die Probe ist sehr einfach und kann von einer Fürsorgerin, Hebamme oder Krankenpflegerin mit einer nassen Windel durchgeführt werden. Positive Fälle müssten so schnell wie möglich vor Beginn der Behandlung von einem Laboratorium bestätigt werden. Es ist besser zwei Prüfungen, im Alter von 2 und 6 Wochen, vorzunehmen. Wenn man nur eine Prüfung machen kann, ist es zweckmässig, sie im Alter von 3 oder 4 Wochen zu machen.Ausser bei Neugeborenen müsste auch bei alien geistig zurückgebliebenen, psychologisch gestörten oder epileptischen Kindern eine Harnuntersuchung durchgeführt werden. Die Ergebnisse sind für genetische Beratung nützlich und ältere Kinder mit Phenylketonurie verbessern sich oft, bis zu einem gewissen Grade, durch eine phenylalaninarme Diät.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Phenylpyruvic Acids, Phenylketonurias, Humans, Body Fluids

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
11
Average
Top 10%
Average
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