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pmid: 22420711
The last two decades have witnessed a pandemic in antibody development, with over 600 entering clinical studies and a total of 28 approved by the FDA and European Union. The incorporation of biologics in transplantation has made a significant impact on allograft survival. Herein, we review the armamentarium of clinical and preclinical biologics used for organ transplantation--with the exception of belatacept--from depleting and IL-2R targeting induction agents to costimulation blockade, B-cell therapeutics, BAFF and complement inhibition, anti-adhesion, and anti-cytokine approaches. While individual agents may be insufficient for tolerance induction, they provide possibilities for reduction of steroid or calcineurin inhibitor use, alternatives to rejection episodes refractory to conventional therapies, and specialized immunosuppression for highly sensitized patients.
B-Lymphocytes, Biological Products, Calcineurin, Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Complement System Proteins, Organ Transplantation, Models, Biological, United States, Europe, CD28 Antigens, B-Cell Activating Factor, Animals, Cytokines, Humans, Immunologic Factors, Steroids, Immunosuppressive Agents
B-Lymphocytes, Biological Products, Calcineurin, Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Complement System Proteins, Organ Transplantation, Models, Biological, United States, Europe, CD28 Antigens, B-Cell Activating Factor, Animals, Cytokines, Humans, Immunologic Factors, Steroids, Immunosuppressive Agents
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 25 | |
popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Average | |
influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Average | |
impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% |