ABSTRACT Aim Anomie is defined as a psychological state in which a person feels socially disconnected and lacks a sense of belonging, leading them to disregard the impact of their actions on others. Considering the alarming issue of the nurse shortage worldwide, this study aims to examine the role of anomie on nurses’ turnover intention, as well as the mediating role of job satisfaction in this relationship. Design This is a cross‐sectional study. The STROBE statement was followed as the reporting method. Methods Data were collected from 302 nurses working in primary and specialized healthcare in Gran Canaria (Spain). Statistical analyses were performed with PLS‐SEM. Results The data supported the proposed relationship between anomie and turnover intention. Although no direct effect was observed, the total effect was significant due to a significant indirect effect mediated by job satisfaction. Conclusions As an individual factor, nurses’ anomie influences their turnover intention, a well‐established proxy for actual turnover. Turnover exacerbates the ongoing global nurse shortage, with detrimental consequences for both healthcare organizations and patient care. Discussion Theoretically, this study expands existing knowledge on the determinants of nurses’ turnover intention and enhances understanding of the anomie–turnover intention relationship. From a managerial perspective, it provides practical recommendations on preventing and managing anomic feelings among nursing staff. Implications for nursing and health policy This study provides the first empirical evidence of anomie as an antecedent of turnover intention, both in general and within the nursing profession. Since the link between feeling anomic and quitting was empirically supported, it is advised that decision‐makers in healthcare centers not only address anomic feelings among nurses but also prevent them through organizational efforts.