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Immunology and Cell Biology
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
Data sources: Crossref
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PubMed Central
Article . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: PubMed Central
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The changing immune landscape of innate‐like T cells and other innate cells throughout life

Authors: Marziyeh Taheri; Christopher Menne; Jeremy Anderson; Louis Perriman; Shuo Li; Stuart P Berzins; Paul V Licciardi; +3 Authors

The changing immune landscape of innate‐like T cells and other innate cells throughout life

Abstract

Abstract Spectral flow cytometry is an advanced immunological tool that can enable comprehensive analysis of the immune system by simultaneously comparing innate and adaptive immune cells. Here, using a 40‐color antibody panel, we advance our knowledge of innate‐like cells by investigating chemokine receptors and maturation markers not usually assessed on these populations, examining age‐related effects on these immune cell subsets. We characterize phenotypic changes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in three age groups: newborns (cord blood), adults aged 20–30 years, and adults aged > 70 years. We compare the age‐related changes of innate cells, including ILCs, NK cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, and innate‐like T cells, comparing them with memory T cells. We also examine subsets of CD4 − CD8 − double‐negative (DN) T cells and CD3 + CD161 + T cells, revealing they are phenotypically similar to known subsets of innate‐like T cells, and they also increase in frequency in an age‐related manner. The frequencies of ILC1 increased with age, ILC2 remained stable, whereas ILC3 peaked in young adults, and were higher than cord and older adults. Notably, we identify the NK cell maturation marker, CD57, as a universal marker that defines aging populations of both innate and adaptive immune cells. This study enhances our understanding of the ontogeny of human immune cells, highlighting significant age‐related changes in the frequency and phenotype of innate‐like populations of immune cells.

Keywords

Adult, Male, Aging, T-Lymphocytes, Infant, Newborn, Dendritic Cells, Middle Aged, Immunity, Innate, Immunophenotyping, Killer Cells, Natural, Young Adult, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Humans, Original Article, Female, Biomarkers, Aged

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
hybrid