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European Journal of Clinical Investigation
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
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European Journal of Clinical Investigation
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Impact of smoking in MINOCA patients

Authors: Osman, Hersh; Schlettert, Clara; Materzok, Daniel; Akin, Muharrem; Abumayyaleh, Mohammad; Akin, Ibrahim; Mügge, Andreas; +3 Authors

Impact of smoking in MINOCA patients

Abstract

Abstract Background Considerable research has been conducted in recent years on patients afflicted with myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary disease (MINOCA), focussing on its prognosis, prevalence and predisposing risk factors. Nevertheless, there remains a dearth of information regarding the baseline characteristics and outcomes of MINOCA patients with a history of smoking. This study endeavours to examine the in‐hospital complications and baseline characteristics of a presumed MINOCA cohort comprising individuals with a history of smoking. Methods In this study, a total of 373 patients (85 current smokers and 283 non‐smokers), who exhibited elevated troponin levels but had no evidence of obstructive coronary artery disease, were enrolled between 2010 and 2021. MINOCA patients had to fulfil the modified criteria for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) based on the ‘Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction’, including an up‐ or downregulated troponin level with at least one value exceeding the 99th percentile, along with clinical evidence of infarction (e.g. ischaemic ECG changes, myocardial damage or coronary thrombus). Additionally, patients with less than 50% stenosis of a major epicardial vessel without intervention and those with alternative diagnoses mimicking troponin‐positive nonobstructive coronary disease were excluded. It should be noted that there were five patients for whom data regarding smoking status were not available. The primary objective of this investigation was to evaluate the occurrence of various in‐hospital events, including pulmonary oedema, invasive ventilation, cardiogenic shock, stroke, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, malignant cardiac arrhythmias, supraventricular arrhythmias, left ventricular thrombus, thromboembolic events and in‐hospital mortality. Additionally, long‐term cardiovascular events were assessed over an 11‐year follow‐up period. Results Baseline demographics in smokers and non‐smokers showed notable differences in the prevalence of supraventricular arrhythmia, particularly atrial fibrillation (5.8% vs. 17.4%; p = .020), diabetes mellitus (DM) (10.5% vs. 19.7%; p = .051), kidney disease (9.3% vs. 15.9%; p = .075) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (18.6% vs. 10.8%; p = .057). The occurrence of in‐hospital cardiovascular events and mortality rates was found to be comparable between smokers and non‐smokers. However, non‐smokers experienced a higher incidence of long‐term cardiovascular events compared to smokers. A multivariable Cox analysis for long‐term outcomes indicated that individuals under the age of 50 who were smokers had a more favourable outcome. Nonetheless, the presence of DM, supraventricular tachycardia, pulmonary disease and neurological disease were all associated with a diminished long‐term prognosis. Conclusion Although the long‐term health outcomes for smokers are comparatively superior to those of non‐smokers, this contrast can be attributed to the increased incidence of cardiovascular comorbidities and the older age distribution within the non‐smoking population.

Country
Netherlands
Keywords

Male, Smoking, Myocardial Infarction, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Coronary Disease, Coronary Artery Disease, Middle Aged, smoking, Troponin, Stroke, myocardial infarction, Risk Factors, Atrial Fibrillation, Humans, atrial fibrillation, in-hospital complication, Female, Hospital Mortality, arrhythmias, nonobstructive coronary artery disease, Aged

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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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