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Cancer Science
Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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Cancer Science
Article . 2025
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Noncanonical TCA cycle fosters canonical TCA cycle and mitochondrial integrity in acute myeloid leukemia

Authors: Atsushi Watanabe; Chartsiam Tipgomut; Haruhito Totani; Kentaro Yoshimura; Tomohiko Iwano; Hamed Bashiri; Lee Hui Chua; +2 Authors

Noncanonical TCA cycle fosters canonical TCA cycle and mitochondrial integrity in acute myeloid leukemia

Abstract

AbstractCancer cells rely on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and the noncanonical tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. In this paper, we shed light on the vital role played by the noncanonical TCA cycle in a host‐side concession to mitochondria, especially in highly energy‐demanding malignant tumor cells. Inhibition of ATP‐citrate lyase (ACLY), a key enzyme in the noncanonical TCA cycle, induced apoptosis by increasing reactive oxygen species levels and DNA damage while reducing mitochondrial membrane potential. The mitochondrial membrane citrate transporter inhibitor, CTPI2, synergistically enhanced these effects. ACLY inhibition reduced cytosolic citrate levels and CTPI2 lowered ACLY activity, suggesting that the noncanonical TCA cycle is sustained by a positive feedback mechanism. These inhibitions impaired ATP production, particularly through OXPHOS. Metabolomic analysis of mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions revealed reduced levels of glutathione pathway‐related and TCA cycle‐related metabolite, except fumarate, in mitochondria following noncanonical TCA cycle inhibition. Despite the efficient energy supply to the cell by mitochondria, this symbiosis poses challenges related to reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial maintenance. In conclusion, the noncanonical TCA cycle is indispensable for the canonical TCA cycle and mitochondrial integrity, contributing to mitochondrial domestication.

Keywords

Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial, Citric Acid Cycle, Apoptosis, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Mitochondria, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Adenosine Triphosphate, Cell Line, Tumor, ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase, Humans, Metabolomics, Reactive Oxygen Species, ORIGINAL ARTICLE, DNA Damage

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    popularity
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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
3
Top 10%
Average
Average
Green
gold
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Cancer Research