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British Journal of Clinical Psychology
Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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British Journal of Clinical Psychology
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The revised Psychosis Attachment Measure: Measuring disorganized attachment

Measuring disorganized attachment
Authors: Catherine Pollard; Sandra Bucci; Angus MacBeth; Katherine Berry;

The revised Psychosis Attachment Measure: Measuring disorganized attachment

Abstract

Objectives The Psychosis Attachment Measure (PAM) is currently the most widely used and validated measure of attachment in psychosis. However, the PAM does not assess disorganized attachment, the type of attachment that has been most closely linked with vulnerability to psychosis. This study aimed to expand the PAM to capture the concept of disorganized attachment and to examine its psychometric properties in a psychosis sample. Methods Clinical and academic experts in the field of psychosis and service user representatives were asked to assess the comprehensiveness and comprehensibility of the pool of disorganized items. This process resulted in 12 items hypothesized to capture disorganized attachment that were included with the original items of the PAM. A sample of 144 individuals with either a self‐reported diagnosis of, or treatment for, a psychosis‐related condition completed a battery of online measures comprising the revised PAM, existing measures of adult disorganized attachment and constructs hypothesized to be conceptually related to disorganized attachment. Results An exploratory factor analysis was conducted with three factors retained; these were labelled anxious, avoidant and disorganized attachment. The factors displayed good internal consistency and test–retest reliability and the disorganized factor displayed good construct validity with related measures and constructs. Conclusions These results provide preliminary evidence that the revised PAM captures the concept of disorganized attachment. However, confirmatory psychometric evaluation of the revised PAM is required, within a separate psychosis sample, to confirm its factor structure. The relationship between these results and the current literature, in addition to the clinical and research implications, are discussed. Practitioner points We present an expanded version of the Psychosis Attachment Measure (PAM), revised to capture the concept of disorganised attachment in adulthood. This expanded measure showed good reliability and the new disorganized subscale demonstrated construct validity. These results provide preliminary evidence that disorganized attachment can be measured using a simple self‐report measure with individuals with psychosis. Further research is required to confirm the structural dimensionality of the revised PAM within a new sample using confirmatory factor analysis. Following further psychometric validation the use of this measure has the potential to be expanded to other mental health conditions in which disorganized attachment has been implicated in the development and maintenance of difficulties, for example, trauma‐related conditions and borderline personality disorder.

Country
United Kingdom
Keywords

Adult, Male, Adolescent, Psychometrics, psychotic disorders/diagnosis, self report, measure, Young Adult, adult attachment, male, disorganized attachment, Humans, psychosis, humans, attachment, Aged, Reactive Attachment Disorder, Reactive Attachment Disorder/psychology, adult, Reproducibility of Results, Original Articles, Clinical Psychology, aged, female, Psychotic Disorders, psychometrics/methods, adolescent, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/3200/3203, young adult, Female, reproducibility of results, Self Report

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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
36
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
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