AbstractThis article studies the social rights and responsibilities of immigrants in an international comparative perspective, focusing on two main institutions underpinning immigrants’ social rights and responsibilities (i.e., the welfare regime and immigration regime of the host state). Drawing on literature about both welfare and immigration regimes, its fussy set ideal type analysis highlights three fuzzy sets for welfare regimes (i.e., income protection, employment protection, and activation) and three for immigration regimes (individual equality, cultural difference, and citizenship conditionality) in order to explore and explain differences in immigrants’ social rights and responsibilities in different nations. Through a multidimensional investigation of these different dimensions of both welfare and immigration regimes, it presents new insights into the social rights and responsibilities of immigrants. Analysis provides some support for existing understandings of welfare and immigration regimes but simultaneously highlights, in some cases, shifts in regimes which challenge them, particularly existing nations’ classification.