Abstract Cydalima perspectalis (Walker 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a destructive pest that has recently been reported from the ancient Hyrcanian forests feeding on leaves and shoots of Buxus hyrcana Pojarkova. To gain a deeper insight into the biology and population dynamics of C. perspectalis , a laboratory population was studied under controlled conditions. The moth was reared on B. hyrcana at 25 ± 1°C, 65 ± 10% RH and 16 h:8 h (L:D), and the data obtained were used to build a life table, adjusted to allow for the evaluation of the stage duration, for both males and females. The mean adult survival was 11.94 ± 0.26 days, the pre‐oviposition period lasted, on average, for 6.71 ± 0.18 days and the mean fecundity attained was 58.19 ± 7.81 eggs/female. Newly emerged females had a life expectancy ( e xj ) of 14 days and males 19 days. The intrinsic rate of increase for the population was 0.05 ± 0.00 days −1 , and the net reproductive rate was 24.05 ± 3.95 offspring/female. The biological and ecological data obtained allowed for the estimation of C. perspectalis biotic potential, thus contributing to the development of sustainable control methods for this pest and, consequently, to a reduction of the damage caused to box trees.