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IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
License: IEEE Copyright
Data sources: Crossref
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Load Mismatch Sensitivity of Class-E Power Amplifiers

Authors: Ali Ghahremani; Anne-Johan Annema; Bram Nauta;

Load Mismatch Sensitivity of Class-E Power Amplifiers

Abstract

Class-E RF power amplifiers (PAs) are very power efficient under nominal operating conditions. Due to incorporating two tuned tanks, the dependence on the load impedance is, however, relatively large, resulting in, e.g., load-dependent output power, power efficiency, peak voltages, and peak (and average) currents which can lead to reliability issues. This paper presents load-pull analyses for class-E RF PAs from a mathematical perspective, with analyses and discussions of the effects of the most common nonidealities of class-E PAs: the limited loaded quality factor (Qloaded) of the series filter, switch on-resistance, the limited quality factor of the dc-feed inductor, load mismatch-dependent switch conduction loss, and the limited negative voltage excursions (due to, e.g., the reverse conduction of the switch transistor for negative voltage excursions). The theoretical findings are backed up by extensive circuit simulations and load-pull measurements of a class-E PA implemented in 65-nm CMOS technology. The PA provides 18.1-dBm output power and 72% efficiency at 1.4 GHz under nominal operating condition employing an off-chip matching network.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
10
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
bronze