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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
Article . 1972 . Peer-reviewed
License: IEEE Copyright
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The National Bureau of Standards Atomic Time Scales: Generation, Dissemination, Stability, and Accuracy

Authors: James E. Gray; Howard E. Machlan; David W. Allan;

The National Bureau of Standards Atomic Time Scales: Generation, Dissemination, Stability, and Accuracy

Abstract

The independent atomic time scale at the National Bureau of Standards AT(NBS), is based upon an ensemble of continuously operating cesium clocks calibrated occasionally by an NBS primary frequency standard. The data of frequency calibrations and interclock comparisons are statistically processed to provide nearly optimum time stability and frequency accuracy. The long-term random fluctuation of AT(NBS) due to nondeterministic perturbations is estimated to be a few parts in 1014, and the present accuracy is inferred to be 1 part in 1012. A small coordinate rate is added to the rate of AT(NBS) to generate UTC(NBS): this small addition is for the purpose of maintaining synchronization within a few microseconds of other international timing centers. UTC(NBS) is readily operationally available over a large part of the world via WWV, WWVH, WWVB, and telephone; also via some passive time transfer systems, eg., Loran-C and the TV line-10 system; and also experimentally via satellite and WWVL. The precision and accuracy of these dissemination systems will be discussed.

  • BIP!
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    citations
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    17
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Top 10%
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
17
Average
Top 10%
Top 10%
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