
Summary form only given. The effects of total ionizing dose irradiation such as gamma- and X-rays as well as energetic electrons and protons on CMOS performance, at the single device level and at the circuit level, are described. Data are presented on the intrinsic total dose hardness of various CMOS processes, which indicates an increase in total dose hardness as CMOS technology is scaled. Design techniques and their efficacy in mitigating against total dose effects are also described.
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 9 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Top 10% | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Average |
