
Ion beams exhibit a finite range and an inverted depth-dose profile (Bragg peak). These favourable physical properties allow superior tumour-dose conformality. However, they introduce sensitivity to range uncertainties. Although these uncertainties are typically taken into account in treatment planning, delivery of the intended treatment has to be ensured to prevent underdosage of the tumour or overdosage of surrounding critical structures. Thus, dedicated Quality Assurance procedures are desirable to provide in-vivo range verification before or during ion therapeutic irradiation.
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