In this paper, deformation monitoring in LiaoheShifosi super long earth-rock fill dam is as the research background. Through the analysis of communication protocol of Ashtech GPS receiver, we successfully realize the wireless collection of initial data and wireless transmission of control commands. By self-defined calibration principle, the system solves the problem of data transmission error and through retransmission mechanism to make up for the problem that occasional real-time communication is not high. Through the analysis of serial port command, we interpret the protocol of Ashtech series GPS receiver and analyze the rules of data downloaded and setting directives so that more GPS receiver application can be developed on this basis.