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Impedance Analyzer for in vivo Electroporation Studies

Authors: Antoni Ivorra; Boris Rubinsky;

Impedance Analyzer for in vivo Electroporation Studies

Abstract

Electroporation, the permeabilization of the cell membrane with electrical pulses, is being used for in vivo gene therapy, drug therapy and minimally invasive tissue ablation. Applying electrical pulses across cells can have a variety of outcomes; from no effect to reversible electroporation to irreversible electroporation. For reliable in vivo use of electroporation it is important to have real time feedback on the outcome of the application of the electrical pulse. Recently, it has been proposed that measuring the electrical properties of electroporated tissues in temporal relation to the applied pulses could provide this feedback. To generate fundamental data on the in vivo electrical properties of electroporated tissues we have developed a fast spectroscopic impedance analyzer that measures electrical properties of tissues in vivo in conjunction with commercial electroporation pulse generators. Here we describe the apparatus and illustrate its use with an experiment on reversible electroporation in a rat liver.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Computers, Cell Membrane, Finite Element Analysis, Equipment Design, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Electroporation, Liver, Microcomputers, Spectrophotometry, Oscillometry, Electric Impedance, Animals, Electrodes, Software

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Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
5
Average
Average
Average
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