In road engineering asphalt concrete is the major material used in the pavement. In the past two decades, only two methods have been used to evaluate the pavement performance. The two methods used are the present serviceability index (PSI) and the present serviceability rating (PSR). If we want to know the effect of each material in detail, then we must establish a different kind of method for our purpose. Therefore, we present the grey theory method for pavement material analysis. First, we consider the characteristics of pavement material. Second, we use the grey relational grade and GM model in grey theory to build up an evaluation model for the analysis of the effect of pavement material on road quality. Finally, an example is given to show that our method is a suitable method in the preference evaluation of pavement material in road quality.