In this paper, the dating principle of the optically stimulated luminescence is introduced, the construction of the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating system, the composition of the detection filters, and the select method of the OSL dating instrument detection filters. The experiment result showed that, the first detection filters had a great influence on the background, and the second detection filters has a little influence on the background, so the second detection filters were suitable filter to the optical luminescence dating instrument.