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Backup considerations for line current differential protection

Authors: Steven Hodder; Bogdan Kasztenny; Normann Fischer;

Backup considerations for line current differential protection

Abstract

Line current differential (87L) protection relies on communications for the exchange of current values and, if applied over asymmetrical channels, on external time sources for current alignment. Proper engineering of 87L schemes calls for a backup strategy that considers the loss of communications and/or the loss of external time sources. This paper reviews various channel and time backup strategies for 87L protection schemes and considers utility practices and regulatory constraints related to line protection redundancy, forced line outages, preferred balance between protection dependability and security, ability to provide adequate protection coverage with distance or overcurrent elements, and availability of an independent pilot channel for directional comparison backup schemes.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
5
Average
Average
Average
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