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https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdat...
Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
DBLP
Conference object . 2021
Data sources: DBLP
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An Evaluation of DGA Classifiers

Authors: Raaghavi Sivaguru; Chhaya Choudhary; Bin Yu; Vadym Tymchenko; Anderson C. A. Nascimento; Martine De Cock;

An Evaluation of DGA Classifiers

Abstract

Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs) are a popular technique used by contemporary malware for command-and-control (C&C) purposes. Such malware utilizes DGAs to create a set of domain names that, when resolved, provide information necessary to establish a link to a C&C server. Automated discovery of such domain names in real-time DNS traffic is critical for network security as it allows to detect infection, and, in some cases, take countermeasures to disrupt the communication and identify infected machines. Detection of the specific DGA malware family provides the administrator valuable information about the kind of infection and steps that need to be taken. In this paper we compare and evaluate machine learning methods that classify domain names as benign or DGA, and label the latter according to their malware family. Unlike previous work, we select data for test and training sets according to observation time and known seeds. This allows us to assess the robustness of the trained classifiers for detecting domains generated by the same families at a different time or when seeds change. Our study includes tree ensemble models based on human-engineered features and deep neural networks that learn features automatically from domain names. We find that all state-of-the-art classifiers are significantly better at catching domain names from malware families with a time-dependent seed compared to time-invariant DGAs. In addition, when applying the trained classifiers on a day of real traffic, we find that many domain names unjustifiably are flagged as malicious, thereby revealing the shortcomings of relying on a standard whitelist for training a production grade DGA detection system.

Countries
United States, Belgium
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Keywords

trained classifiers, time-invariant DGAs, ensembles, machine learning method, domain generation algorithms, tree ensembles, 510, production grade DGA detection system, computer network security, Training, DGA classifiers, human-engineered features, Whitelists, Real-time systems, Internet, malware, specific DGA malware family, domain name classification, deep learning, invasive software, infection, real-time DNS traffic, 004, tree, neural nets, Mathematics and Statistics, deep neural networks, Feature extraction, learning (artificial intelligence), contemporary malware, seed, Neural networks

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
28
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
Green