This paper presents a method for detecting and tracking phlebotominaes that are vectors for many important diseases. A method based on the Gaussian mixture model is used for Foreground/Background classification. Then, the mathematical morphology operations are used to refine the classification results and eliminate areas that do not represent phlebotominaes. Thereafter, the Kalman filter is used for the prediction and estimation of their positions, thus the Hungarian algorithm is used for the assignment of the detected positions to tracks. The results can help us study the behavior of these insects, and to improve traps and solutions that limit their spread in case of infection. The proposed method is tested on a real phlebotominaes video sequences recorded at Pasteur institute of Tunisia, and the experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm to accurately detect the position and track phlebotominaes.