Because the present safety evaluation could not exactly make the quantitative conclusions, this paper analyzes the reasons why the present evaluation methods are difficult to make the quantitative conclusions and provides the probability estimation method of the gas and coal dust explosion risk. Using this method determines the gas and coal dust explosion risk and gets the quantitative results of the gas and coal dust explosion risk. This paper introduces the content of the probability estimation method of the gas and coal dust explosion risk. Finally, it gives the calculation process of the MATLAB software of this method and using VB and MATLAB draws the calculation software to give the feasible conclusion and advice.