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IEEE Access
Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
Data sources: Crossref
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IEEE Access
Article . 2023
Data sources: DOAJ
DBLP
Article . 2023
Data sources: DBLP
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A Benchmark of Integrated Magnetometers and Magnetic Gradiometers

Authors: Bruno Brajon; Enrico Gasparin; Gaël Close;

A Benchmark of Integrated Magnetometers and Magnetic Gradiometers

Abstract

This survey paper compiles and benchmarks the performance of integrated magnetic sensors, in terms of their noise and full-scale magnetic field. In total, we collected performance metrics of 31 sensors realized in various technologies. For each sensor, we derived a noise model to estimate the noise under the same conditions. We obtained a comprehensive benchmark with a focus on integrated devices. We also measured the noise spectrum of 11 of those sensors to confirm our noise model. Given that for many emerging applications, such as tactile, current, torque and biomagnetic sensing, the signal of interest is the field gradient to reject magnetic stray fields, we extended the benchmark to gradiometers. We developed a low-noise measurement setup and a low-field gradient (full scale: $10 ~\mu \text{T}$ /mm) generation setup to characterize magnetic gradiometers in this regime. The paper discusses the key sensor trade-off between precision and range, and summarizes the technology trends graphically on a trade-off curve, providing broad insight.

Keywords

gradiometers, Magnetic sensors, magnetometers, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971

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    popularity
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    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
7
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
gold