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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Communications ...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
IEEE Communications Magazine
Article . 1993 . Peer-reviewed
License: IEEE Copyright
Data sources: Crossref
DBLP
Article . 1993
Data sources: DBLP
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Speech synthesis in telecommunications

Authors: Stephen E. Levinson; Joseph P. Olive; Judith S. Tschirgi;

Speech synthesis in telecommunications

Abstract

A text-to-speech synthesis system that synthesizes speech from unrestricted text is discussed. The text analysis system, which includes text preprocessing, phrasing and intonation, and letter-to-phoneme conversion, is described. The analyzed text is represented by phonetic characters, stress values, minor- and major-phrase markers, and intonational descriptors. The synthesizer uses this information to compute a speech signal in several stages. The duration of the different speech events is computed, and the intonational descriptors are converted to a fundamental frequency contour. Loudness control is also generated. After these prosodic parameters have been computed, the synthesis parameters that describe the different sounds or phonemes are generated. These parameters are converted to speech by a waveform synthesizer. >

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
12
Average
Top 10%
Average
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