A combined answer to the question in the title was given by speakers from several countries as well as Eurocontrol and NATO, at this conference organized by the Royal Aeronautical Society. An introduction to the various programmes came from the ECAC Chairman who is also Director General of the Danish Civil Aviation Administration. The ventures are the Central Flow Management Unit (CFMU), the European Air Traffic Control Harmonization and Integration Programme (EATCHIP), and the Airports/Air Traffic System Interface (APATSI). These ventures were conceived and launched by Eurocontrol (except for certain parts of APATSI).